26. alias 别名

一条命令的另外一个名字，你可以理解为外号。

[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3 ^C[root@localhost /]# alias viens0s3='vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3'

• .bashrc 针对当前用户的

[root@localhost ~]# vi .bashrc插入alias viens0s3='vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3'

• /etc/bashrc 针对全部用户 在文件最后增加别名

27. php编译安装（上）

• 下载 解压

[root@localhost src]# wget http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-7.3.0.tar.bz2[root@localhost src]# tar jxvf php-7.3.0.tar.bz2[root@localhost src]# tar jxvf php-7.3.0.tar.bz2tar (child): bzip2: Cannot exec: No such file or directorytar (child): Error is not recoverable: exiting nowtar: Child returned status 2tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now[root@localhost src]# yum install bzip2Loaded plugins: fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.combase                                                     | 3.6 kB     00:00extras                                                   | 3.4 kB     00:00updates                                                  | 3.4 kB     00:00extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                 | 156 kB   00:01Resolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package bzip2.x86_64 0:1.0.6-13.el7 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved================================================================================ Package         Arch             Version                  Repository      Size================================================================================Installing: bzip2           x86_64           1.0.6-13.el7             base            52 kTransaction Summary================================================================================Install  1 PackageTotal download size: 52 kInstalled size: 82 kIs this ok [y/d/N]: yDownloading packages:bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64.rpm                              |  52 kB   00:00Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction  Installing : bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64                                    1/1  Verifying  : bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64                                    1/1Installed:  bzip2.x86_64 0:1.0.6-13.el7Complete![root@localhost src]# tar jxvf php-7.3.0.tar.bz2

• vi 剪切粘贴用法

vi 里面在一般模式下，按DD可以删除行（剪切），5dd（剪切五行），光标挪到要粘贴的位置，按p，操作错误后，想要撤销，可以按u,反撤销可以按ctrl r

• 编译

编译安装一个软件包的三步骤：

./configuremakemake install

./configure --preefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl

• 文件安装路径

--prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm

• 配置文件安装路径

--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc

• 开启fpm

--enable-fpm

• 指定用户

--with-fpm-user=php-fpm

• 指定组

--with-fpm-group=php-fpm

• 指定MYSQL路径（老版本）

--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql

• 指定MYSQL路径（新版本）

--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config

• pdomysql 也是一种mysql的连接方式

--with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql

• 指定mysqlsock

--with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock

• PHP的模块

--with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir--with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap--enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl

开始编译

[root@localhost php-7.3.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --with-pear --with-curl --with-opensslconfigure: WARNING: unrecognized options: --with-mysql, --with-mcrypt, --enable-gd-native-ttfchecking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grepchecking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -Echecking for a sed that does not truncate output... /usr/bin/sedchecking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnuchecking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnuchecking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnuchecking for cc... nochecking for gcc... noconfigure: error: in `/usr/src/php-7.3.0':configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATHSee `config.log' for more details

• 解决缺少GCC的错误

[root@localhost php-7.3.0]# yum install -y gcc

• 解决缺少某个软件包

查找对应的包后，一般都是安装devel的安装包

configure: error: libxml2 not found. Please check your libxml2 installation.

[root@localhost php-7.3.0]# yum list |grep libxml2libxml2.x86_64                              2.9.1-6.el7_2.3            @anacondalibxml2-python.x86_64                       2.9.1-6.el7_2.3            @baselibxml2.i686                                2.9.1-6.el7_2.3            baselibxml2-devel.i686                          2.9.1-6.el7_2.3            baselibxml2-devel.x86_64                        2.9.1-6.el7_2.3            baselibxml2-static.i686                         2.9.1-6.el7_2.3            baselibxml2-static.x86_64                       2.9.1-6.el7_2.3            base[root@localhost php-7.3.0]# yum install -y libxml2-devel.i686 libxml2-devel.x86_64

• CURL版本不匹配

checking for cURL 7.15.5 or greater... configure: error: cURL version 7.15.5 or later is required to compile php with cURL supportyum install libcurl-devel.i686 libcurl-devel.x86_64

• 缺少jpeglib

configure: error: jpeglib.h not found.yum -y install libjpeg-devel

• 缺少png.sh

configure: error: png.h not found.yum install -y libpng-devel

• 找不到freetype-config

configure: error: freetype-config not found.[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y freetype-devel.i686 freetype-devel.x86_64

• 错误的mysql library

php 7.3不支持mysql 或者 mariadb 5.6 以后的版本

configure: error: wrong mysql library version or lib not found. Check config.log for more information[root@localhost src]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.41-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.g

tar xzvf mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gzmv mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql5.6

改编译参数

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql5.6 --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql5.6/bin/mysql_config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql5.6 --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl

• 找不到用户

ERROR: [pool www] cannot get uid for user ‘php-fpm’useradd php-fpm

： 补充：

diff 查看两个文件的差异的，如 diff 1.txt 2.txt 4.28-php编译安装2 4.29-php编译安装3 4.30-编译安装Nginx

28. php编译安装（中）

29. php编译安装（下）

30. 编译安装Nginx

官网：

官方文档：

• 下载：

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz

• 解压：

tar zxvf nginx-1.14.2.tar.gzcd nginx-1.14.2

• 编译：

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_modulemake && make install

启动：

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx